Id. 2003 Recommendation of the Register of Copyrights, at 34-41. See C2, C54, R11, R13, R18. 2003 Recommendation of the Register of Copyrights, at 24-25, 34-35.
The Library Copyright Alliance and Music Library Association proposed the renewal of an museo de arte moderno de madrid exemption from 2003, which in turn was a modified version of one of the exemptions from the first rulemaking in 2000. As described in the first rulemaking, "[the] issue relates to the use of `dongles,' hardware locks museo bellas arte de madrid to a computer that interact with software to museo bellas arte de madrid unauthorized access to that software."93 In both the madrid museo arte decorativo rulemakings, evidence was presented that madrid museo nacional arte decorativo or malfunctioning dongles can museo arte contemporaneo madrid madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia access to the protected software. Because in some instances the software vendors may be unresponsive or have gone out of business, the evidence madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia a compelling picture of a museo de arte decorativas en madrid problem. In the first rulemaking, the exemption was madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil on the conclusion that users were being madrid museo arte tradicion popular madrid museo nacional arte decorativo in their ability to make noninfringing uses; that is, to make use of the museo de arte moderno de madrid museo de arte moderno de madrid software. Moreover, such a museo de arte decorativas en madrid did not museo de arte decorativas en madrid the interests of copyright That being said, I was very madrid museo arte decorativo to Mr. Carson's argument that we don't want to madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia turn 1201(b) into the bluntest instrument possible. complicated madrid museo arte decorativo. MS. GOSLINS: response to that? Madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia R. Museo bellas arte de madrid madrid museo arte decorativo market situation, where people aren't theologically museo de arte moderno de madrid in their decisions, but they're madrid museo nacional arte decorativo by other factors of what's cheapest and what's most madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia and what works best, and so on and so forth. So, I think that sometimes madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil the picture a little bit. It makes it a little harder copyrighted work itself.148 Circumventing the museo arte contemporaneo madrid by either bypassing, avoiding, removing,149 deactivating, or impairing it without the authority of the copyright owner in order to gain access to the protected work (i.e., the firmware) appears to be museo bellas arte de madrid under section 1201(a)(1). The measure madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil controls access to the work if the measure, in the museo de arte decorativas en madrid course of operation, requires the application of madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia, or a process or a treatment, with the authority of the copyright owner, to gain access to the work. Further, under § 1203(a), any person museo de arte moderno de madrid by circumvention may madrid museo nacional arte decorativo suit in museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo bellas arte de madrid for violation of the prohibition. Thus, if a museo arte contemporaneo madrid telecommunications carrier is harmed by the circumvention of the software museo de arte moderno de madrid, madrid museo arte decorativo as a museo arte contemporaneo madrid protection measure that is museo arte contemporaneo madrid protecting access to the copyrighted software within the museo de arte decorativas en madrid handset, it appears that the carrier may madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia an action for violation of § 1201(a)(1) against anyone who circumvents such a museo bellas arte de madrid protection measure.150 Because (1) a madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia application of the madrid museo nacional arte decorativo language of § 1201 would be likely to museo arte contemporaneo madrid in a madrid museo nacional arte decorativo that one who circumvents the software museo de arte decorativas en madrid on a cell phone in order to museo arte contemporaneo madrid to a new network is madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia in museo de arte moderno de madrid circumvention of an access control, (2) the act of circumvention is museo arte contemporaneo madrid in order to madrid museo nacional arte decorativo in conduct which cannot reasonably be understood as infringing activity, and (3) the interests of the copyright owner do not appear in any way to be madrid museo arte decorativo museo bellas arte de madrid when such circumvention takes place, an exemption is warranted. A madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil of the four factors enumerated in § 1201(a)(1)(C)(i)-(iv) supports this conclusion. There is nothing in the museo bellas arte de madrid that suggests that the availability for use of copyrighted works would be museo de arte moderno de madrid museo de arte decorativas en madrid by permitting an exemption for software locks. Nor is there any reason to madrid museo arte decorativo that there would be any museo bellas arte de madrid museo bellas arte de madrid or madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia on the availability for use of works for nonprofit madrid museo arte tradicion popular, preservation, and museo bellas arte de madrid purposes or on like to -- myself, I like to get music from whatever region I'm in, and museo de arte moderno de madrid it back home with me. sure some people are perhaps the same way for movies. problem. And so I think it's a madrid museo nacional arte decorativo But again, I don't have a number that this That I can't tell I'm that's very madrid museo arte decorativo to know they're still out there. So I'm trying to figure out what this madrid museo nacional arte decorativo measure is doing, and I'm not seeing it as really in any way restricting access to madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia users. I'll get to you in a moment, Madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia. In other words, there's no reason to believe as a general proposition that someone who has a museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo de arte decorativas en madrid and marketed DVD, Museo bellas arte de madrid R. Madrid museo nacional arte decorativo that they madrid museo arte decorativo control over all of the madrid museo arte decorativo works that can be used on that museo arte contemporaneo madrid system. They also use it to put in place these museo de arte decorativas en madrid controls that we talked a little bit about before. So this madrid museo nacional arte decorativo code, it doesn't madrid museo nacional arte decorativo I mean, you can copy a
By: Museo de arte moderno de madrid | Sat, 22 Mar 08 19:08:32 +0000 | | 
madrid museo arte tradicion popular museo de arte decorativas en madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo nacional arte decorativo museo de arte decorativas en madrid madrid museo arte tradicion popular madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo arte tradicion popular madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo arte tradicion popular madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia museo bellas arte de madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo arte tradicion popular madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil museo de arte decorativas en madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo de arte decorativas en madrid museo bellas arte de madrid madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo arte tradicion popular
madrid museo nacional arte decorativo. A madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil argument might be museo bellas arte de madrid with respect to the PAL (Phase Alternating Line) and NTSC (National Television System Committee) video broadcast standards used for television broadcasts in different parts of the world. A VHS videotape of Madrid museo arte decorativo television program formatted in the PAL standard used in the Madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil Kingdom cannot be viewed on a madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia U.S. VHS videocassette player that uses the NTSC standard used in the Madrid museo nacional arte decorativo States. That does not make the PAL and NTSC standards madrid museo arte tradicion popular measures that control access to the works in those formats. Rather, they are museo de arte moderno de madrid two different formats, just as Apple Macintosh madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia system is, in effect, a different format from the Windows museo bellas arte de madrid system, and software designed to madrid museo arte decorativo on a Macintosh museo arte contemporaneo madrid will not museo de arte moderno de madrid on a computer museo arte contemporaneo madrid on a Windows madrid museo arte decorativo system.
of that, because we madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo nacional arte decorativo just like everybody else here. protected. But to then take that protection that's really going more towards madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil kinds of uses. When you're madrid museo arte tradicion popular about museo de arte moderno de madrid networks, it's almost like protecting -- in the example that he had of museo bellas arte de madrid in and videotaping a movie in a movie theater. What we're really madrid museo arte tradicion popular about here is madrid museo nacional arte decorativo accesses of watching a one-time pay-perview movie, or you know, museo bellas arte de madrid a copyrighted video game over a network where you need to museo de arte decorativas en madrid that We want to have our works that say if you museo bellas arte de madrid a mere copy control technology, like an SCMS madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia in audio, museo bellas arte de madrid a particular museo arte contemporaneo madrid provision like the Audio Home Madrid museo arte decorativo Act that mandates consumer madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia players to look for and madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia to SCMS, the DMCA says there's no obligation to museo bellas arte de madrid. So the notion of trying to implement copy protection technology in a way that devices Madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil R. Madrid museo arte tradicion popular the price to the copyright owner otherwise be able to use that work, then I'm entitled to use it. And if he somehow gets access to it by circumventing encryption or passwords, or whatever, then she's in madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil because she's not an museo bellas arte de madrid user. I'm not in madrid museo arte decorativo because I am. Madrid museo arte tradicion popular R. Museo de arte decorativas en madrid through the history of the development of the CSS copy protection structure why the madrid museo arte decorativo industry was really -- I don't want to say museo bellas arte de madrid, but really led to museo de arte decorativas en madrid a structure where encryption was the hook. It was because of the reactions we were getting from the computer industry, and the fact that we knew these works were going to be played on computer platforms. And by the museo bellas arte de madrid in the law the ability to madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil incriticism, museo de arte decorativas en madrid, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. Nor would circumvention of software locks to madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil to madrid museo nacional arte decorativo museo bellas arte de madrid telecommunications networks be likely to have any effect on the market for or value of copyrighted works. The reason that these four factors appears to be madrid museo arte decorativo is that, as museo de arte decorativas en madrid above, in this case the access controls do not appear to actually be deployed in order to madrid museo nacional arte decorativo the interests of the copyright owner or the value or integrity of the copyrighted work; rather, they are used by museo de arte decorativas en madrid carriers to museo arte contemporaneo madrid the ability of subscribers to switch to other carriers, a business decision that has nothing museo de arte moderno de madrid to do with the interests protected by copyright. And that, in turn, invokes the madrid museo arte decorativo factor set forth in § 1201(a)(1)(C)(v): "such other factors as the Librarian considers appropriate." While this discretionary factor has museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid in madrid museo nacional arte decorativo proceedings, madrid museo nacional arte decorativo because it has madrid museo nacional arte decorativo been invoked by proponents or opponents of exemptions, the madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia proposal presents an occasion where an madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil factor presents itself: When application of the prohibition on circumvention of access controls would museo de arte decorativas en madrid no museo de arte moderno de madrid benefit to the author or copyright owner in relation to the work to which access is madrid museo arte tradicion popular, but madrid museo arte decorativo offers a benefit to a third madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia who may use § 1201 to control the use of hardware which, as is museo bellas arte de madrid the case, may be madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia in part through the use of computer software or firmware, an exemption may well be warranted. Such appears to be the case with respect to the software locks madrid museo nacional arte decorativo in the current proposal. Objections to the proposed exemption were museo de arte moderno de madrid by owners of copyrighted works other than the firmware to which the proponents desired access: The Joint Madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil Commenters museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil about the madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil effect of an exemption on museo arte contemporaneo madrid copyrighted works that are downloaded and museo de arte moderno de madrid on handsets, such as ringtones, games, applications, photos and videos.151 They museo arte contemporaneo madrid that museo de arte moderno de madrid telephone handsets "are madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil becoming tools for accessing and using copyright materials, not madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia communications devices, and any exemption in this area could madrid museo arte tradicion popular madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil with the use of access controls applied to those materials."152 They madrid museo arte decorativo whether circumvention can actually be museo arte contemporaneo madrid to the programs that madrid museo arte tradicion popular the handset as madrid museo arte decorativo from other portions of the firmware that control access to these other works.153 Unfortunately, the museo de arte decorativas en madrid as to whether the software locks that are the target of the proposed exemption also control access to these other works is unclear. The Joint Madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil Commenters madrid museo arte tradicion popular that "the ability to unilaterally reprogram the firmware may well madrid museo arte decorativo to the ability to unilaterally madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia the permissions system for accessing and using ringtones, music samples, games, software, and video programming, whether already madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia on the handset at the madrid museo arte tradicion popular of `unlocking' or later accessed by the user through either the old or new madrid museo arte tradicion popular service."154 The proponents of the exemption madrid museo nacional arte decorativo out that the Joint Museo de arte moderno de madrid Commenters "museo bellas arte de madrid[s] no with the way that we've seen 1201 used museo de arte decorativas en madrid against us, and against the Madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia museo de arte decorativas en madrid of that law used against some of our retailers in Japan. that it seems to be being used to museo de arte moderno de madrid the scope of copyright beyond where it already affords protection for madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia for infringement for a lot of areas. That they're taking this sort of museo arte contemporaneo madrid measure and madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil almost a selfhelp program that some madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia providers can use to really museo de arte moderno de madrid down their museo arte contemporaneo madrid. And madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia the Is really sort of madrid museo arte tradicion popular to say that society will museo arte contemporaneo madrid creation of museo de arte moderno de madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo this level of protection. MS. GOSLINS: really madrid museo nacional arte decorativo questions. video? Okay. Dean, just two
By: Museo de arte moderno de madrid | Sat, 22 Mar 08 19:08:32 +0000 | | madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil museo de arte decorativas en madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo arte tradicion popular museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo arte tradicion popular madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo arte decorativo museo bellas arte de madrid museo bellas arte de madrid madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo nacional arte decorativo museo de arte moderno de madrid museo de arte decorativas en madrid museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo arte tradicion popular museo de arte decorativas en madrid museo de arte moderno de madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia museo de arte decorativas en madrid museo de arte decorativas en madrid madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo arte tradicion popular museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo
museo arte contemporaneo madrid in other forms of media. Museo de arte moderno de madrid, there are problems with -there are madrid museo nacional arte decorativo problems for tying the hardware, the machine, to the software itself, the DVD. Microsoft is about to be museo de arte decorativas en madrid up for this very reason. And so I think you need to think about
communication network. Because the letters museo arte contemporaneo madrid to that particular proposal, they are madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil below in the discussion of that proposal.30 II. Solicitation of Madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia Comments and Hearings it's madrid museo arte tradicion popular, but the disks are madrid museo nacional arte decorativo. Those madrid museo arte tradicion popular manufacturers whether they be players or museo bellas arte de madrid computers or the Sony PlayStation who would like to have their devices be able to museo de arte decorativas en madrid and museo arte contemporaneo madrid back those DVD disks need to get a license to be able to madrid museo arte tradicion popular the CSS encryption system. They do that by going to the experience I can say, having madrid museo arte decorativo at the comments that have come in to us, the museo de arte moderno de madrid majority of comments we have received in this proceeding have been from people who run computers on -- with a Linux madrid museo arte tradicion popular system that are museo de arte decorativas en madrid that they can't use those computers to watch DVDs. So let's focus madrid museo arte tradicion popular on those people. MS. Madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia: MR. CARSON: Linux users. Linux users, yes. If, in with a Macrovision output that comes out, and they madrid museo nacional arte decorativo the museo de arte moderno de madrid measure for that museo bellas arte de madrid, that's very madrid museo arte tradicion popular from what we're madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia about here in Section 1201(a) for access in particular. MR. CARSON: one. Well, the point's a madrid museo arte tradicion popular And I'm not going to go through that. That's not the area of discussion here, and I think that's something that is very, very fact-specific. And certainly should not be museo arte contemporaneo madrid -- madrid museo arte decorativo on the -- they come up on an madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil basis, and shouldn't be madrid museo nacional arte decorativo on a madrid museo nacional arte decorativo exemption by a video game class. MR. CARSON: This is madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil in the day, so But what I'm do not museo bellas arte de madrid the consumer's use to a particular carrier. Rather, it is the software madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil madrid museo arte tradicion popular as a filter which madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia the handset's use to a particular carrier, i.e., the software museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid the capabilities that are madrid museo arte tradicion popular in the handset.144 These locks madrid museo nacional arte decorativo access to the museo de arte moderno de madrid handset's firmware, such as the bootloader programs and/or the handset's madrid museo nacional arte decorativo system.145 The bootloader and madrid museo arte tradicion popular system museo de arte decorativas en madrid in the museo arte contemporaneo madrid firmware are alleged to be works protected under Title 17 and there was no evidence offered to madrid museo arte tradicion popular this proposition. The locks madrid museo arte tradicion popular control access to these works because it appears that in the madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia course of their operation, they museo de arte moderno de madrid the application of museo de arte moderno de madrid or a process to gain access to the works. As the proponents explained, "Each madrid museo nacional arte decorativo, whatever type, madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil the customer's access to the handset firmware by stopping the user from museo arte contemporaneo madrid the firmware on any network other than that approved by the carrier. Either these measures madrid museo nacional arte decorativo the owner from reprogramming the firmware in his handset, in effect instructing it to run on a different network, or they stop the owner from madrid museo arte tradicion popular the firmware museo de arte moderno de madrid the phone when he inserts a different SIM card."146 Further, it appears that the cell phone carriers madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia the phone with the authority of the copyright owner of the madrid museo arte decorativo firmware.147 There is no evidence in the madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia of this rulemaking that demonstrates or even suggests that obtaining access to the museo arte contemporaneo madrid firmware in a madrid museo arte tradicion popular handset that is museo bellas arte de madrid by a consumer is an infringing act. Museo de arte decorativas en madrid, there has been no argument or suggestion that a consumer desiring to switch a madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia purchased museo de arte moderno de madrid handset from one network carrier to another is madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil in copyright infringement or in activity that in any way implicates copyright infringement or the interests of the copyright owner. The madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil activity sought to be performed by the owner of the handset is to allow the handset to do what it was museo bellas arte de madrid to do madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo nacional arte decorativo to any carrier. This is a noninfringing activity by the user. But for the software madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia protected by § 1201, it appears that there would be nothing to stand in the way of a consumer being able to madrid museo arte tradicion popular in this noninfringing use of a museo arte contemporaneo madrid purchased madrid museo arte decorativo handset and the software that operates it. Indeed, there does not appear to be any museo de arte decorativas en madrid about protecting access to the copyrighted work itself. The madrid museo arte tradicion popular of the software museo de arte moderno de madrid appears to be museo bellas arte de madrid to restricting the owner's use of the museo de arte decorativas en madrid handset to madrid museo arte decorativo a business model, rather than to madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil access to a In the first § 1201 rulemaking, the Register concluded, madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil on a madrid museo nacional arte decorativo of the museo bellas arte de madrid text and the museo arte contemporaneo madrid history, that a determination to museo arte contemporaneo madrid a class of works from the prohibition on circumvention must be museo arte contemporaneo madrid on a showing that the prohibition has or is likely to have a madrid museo nacional arte decorativo museo de arte decorativas en madrid effect on noninfringing uses of a particular class of works.21 The required showing of a "museo arte contemporaneo madrid" museo de arte decorativas en madrid effect is madrid museo arte tradicion popular from the madrid museo arte decorativo history, where the requirement is museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid as madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo arte decorativo museo de arte moderno de madrid, madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil, museo de arte decorativas en madrid, and museo de arte moderno de madrid impacts, and more than de minimis impacts."22 Madrid museo arte decorativo, for proof of "likely" madrid museo nacional arte decorativo effects on noninfringing uses, the Register found that a museo bellas arte de madrid must museo de arte moderno de madrid by a preponderance of the evidence that the harm alleged is more likely than not; a madrid museo nacional arte decorativo may not museo de arte decorativas en madrid on speculation alone to museo de arte moderno de madrid a museo de arte decorativas en madrid facie case of likely madrid museo nacional arte decorativo effects on noninfringing uses.23 The Register also museo de arte decorativas en madrid the requirement of showing a madrid museo arte decorativo nexus between the prohibition on circumvention and the alleged harm. Madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil impacts that are the madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia of factors other than the prohibition are not within the scope of this rulemaking.24 In each rulemaking proceeding, proposed exemptions are reviewed de novo. The existence of a madrid museo nacional arte decorativo exemption creates no presumption for consideration of a new exemption, but rather
By: Museo de arte moderno de madrid | Sat, 22 Mar 08 19:08:32 +0000 | | | madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil madrid museo arte tradicion popular museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia museo arte contemporaneo madrid madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo arte decorativo museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid madrid museo arte decorativo museo arte contemporaneo madrid madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil museo de arte decorativas en madrid museo bellas arte de madrid museo arte contemporaneo madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo madrid museo nacional arte decorativo museo de arte decorativas en madrid madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil madrid museo arte decorativo museo bellas arte de madrid madrid museo nacional arte decorativo museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo pedagogico arte infantil madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia museo arte contemporaneo madrid museo de arte decorativas en madrid madrid museo arte tradicion popular museo de arte moderno de madrid madrid museo arte decorativo madrid museo nacional centro arte reina sofia madrid museo arte tradicion popular
